MARBURG JOURNAL
German City Wonders How Green Is Too Green

By NICHOLAS KULISH
Published: August 6, 2008

MARBURG, Germany — This fairy-tale town is stuck in the middle of a utopian struggle over renewable energy. The town council’s decision to require solar-heating panels has thrown Marburg into a vehement debate over the boundaries of ecological good citizenship and led opponents to charge that their genteel town has turned into a “green dictatorship.”

Rolf Oeser for The New York Times
Old and new coexist in Marburg, where a hilltop castle overlooks a solar-powered building. The city seeks to expand solar use.

The New York Times
Officials in Marburg face opposition over a solar initiative.

The town council took the significant step in June of moving from merely encouraging citizens to install solar panels to making them an obligation. The ordinance, the first of its kind in Germany, will require solar panels not only on new buildings, which fewer people oppose, but also on existing homes that undergo renovations or get new heating systems or roof repairs.

To give the regulation teeth, a fine of 1,000 euros, about $1,500, awaits those who do not comply.

Critics howled that the rule, which is to go into effect on Oct. 1, constituted an attack on the rights of property owners. The regional government in Giessen stepped in and warned that it would overturn the rule.

City officials in Marburg said, in turn, that they would take their case either to administrative court or all the way to the Hessian state capital, where they would try to get the state building code changed to protect their ordinance from officials in Giessen.

In the middle of this political chess match sit homeowners like Götz Schönherr.

From his deck, Mr. Schönherr can see the town’s famous hilltop Gothic castle as well as two of its three power-generating windmills. On his roof, a solar panel glints in the sunlight. He already uses the solar energy to heat his water, which has allowed him to turn off his boiler for roughly six months a year, a boon for his pocketbook but a decision he said he made for the sake of the environment.

And yet Mr. Schönherr opposes the new ordinance.

Mr. Schönherr had hoped to reinsulate his home, but to do so, and to satisfy the solar regulation, he would have to install a larger solar panel. It would cost him close to $8,000.

“That leads, in my case, and I would think in other cases as well, that people say, ‘Well, let’s just not reinsulate the roof,’ ” Mr. Schönherr said. “So it’s absolutely counterproductive.”

Officials in Giessen agree. “We have no problem with the use of solar energy,” said Manfred Kersten, press spokesman for the regional government in Giessen, “but this was a poorly constructed ordinance.”

Germany is one of the world’s top champions of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting renewable energy. Thanks to hefty federal subsidies, the country is by far the largest market for photovoltaic systems, which convert sunlight into electricity.

Marburg, a historic university town where the Brothers Grimm once studied, is a model of enlightened energy production and consumption. In addition to the windmills and solar installations, the town’s utility company buys hydroelectric power from Austria, is transitioning its fleet of buses and other vehicles to natural gas and even lights footpaths with solar-powered lamps.

As a result, the Marburg dispute sometimes feels like an argument between the enlightened environmentalists and the really enlightened environmentalists.

“Marburg is already a leader when it comes to the use of solar energy, but up until now they’ve always tried to convince people rather than forcing them,” said Hermann Uchtmann, the opposition politician behind the “green dictatorship” charge who leads a local citizens political group, the Marburger Bürgerliste.

Like Mr. Schönherr, who is a member of the group, Mr. Uchtmann hardly fits the predictable mold of the Luddite opponent of renewable energy. He is a chemist at the local university who once built a solar-powered desalinization station for the town’s sister city, Sfax, Tunisia.

“It’s unfortunate that they decided to compel people, because I think you breed opponents that way rather than friends of solar energy,” Mr. Uchtmann said. He said he found the demands too invasive for existing homes, especially in the case of older citizens who might not live long enough to justify the upfront costs of installing the solar systems.

“I’m right up against the border myself,” said Mr. Uchtmann, who is 64. But he said he could support a solar-heating requirement for new buildings.

Because the town of 80,000 has a level population and relatively few new homes are built here, restricting the measure to new construction would not go far enough for the politicians behind it.

“We have a serious energy problem with the older homes,” Marburg’s deputy mayor, Franz Kahle, said in an interview at the historic town hall on the city’s colorful market square. To make a real leap forward, he said, a dramatic step was necessary.

“Before, solar installations were the exception and their absence was the rule,” Mr. Kahle said. “We want to get to the point where the opposite is the case.”

He pointed out that building codes constantly dictated what property owners could and could not do with their homes and said that the solar regulation already offered exceptions for cases of hardship or alternatives for those living in the shadiest spots.

Marburg’s law has attracted attention nationwide as a model for environmentally active politicians.

“What they are doing in Marburg is good and progressive, and we, and other cities, need to move forward with similar initiatives as well,” said Birgit Simon, deputy mayor of Offenbach am Main and a member of the Green Party. She said she hoped a coalition of left-of-center parties in the state Parliament could change the building codes to make the Marburg ordinance sustainable and imitable.

Among Marburgers interviewed one sunny afternoon this week, there was near universal support for the ordinance’s goals but an almost equal level of confusion about its exact nature.

“In principle, it’s a really good idea,” said Cornelia Janus, 35, who works at the university. But she questioned whether the costs might be too high and whether historic buildings and monuments would be protected.

“For a city like Marburg,” she said, gazing toward the churches and the castle arrayed along the hillside, which draw tourists from around the world, “that’s pretty important too.”

Yesterday, an extremely interesting TV program introduced the concept of “Global Dimming.”

We all are familiar by now, and swear by it, that we are in the midst of a  “Global Warming” phenomenon. We know that this is caused by fossil CO2, and some other gases, that accumulate in the atmosphere. These gases impact global climate in an unseen way. They are not smog causing as such. Their direct effect is not seen to the naked eye.

But there is a second effect - this one has to do with carbon particulates and as well some other - more active - gases - that originate also from the burning of these fossil fuels. these gases are the sulphur and nitrogen compounds.
So, these other particles and gases do two things - they can nucleate small droplets of water and these droplets, together with the carbon particles, create a second effect - they block the sun rays that try to reach us. So, we end up having two effects - the heat that did reach us has a much harder time getting to us, but some of the sun rays that would have reached us - do not reach us. The sum total effect is that we have Global Warming, but also a “Global Dimming” effect. THE BEIJING OLYMPICS SHOW US BOTH EFFECTS - FOR US ALL TO SEE!

The TV program told us of an Israeli scientist, Jerry Stanhill who back in the 1950s mapped out the insolation in Israel for the purpose of planning the water distribution for Israel’s agriculture. Others measured water evaporation.

For some reason, in the 1990s, the same Jerry Stanhill, 40 years older, repeated his study and found out that there was an average  drop in 22% in the amount of solar radiation hitting Israel. Reading of his study, a lady scientist in the German Alps, looked at the sun reaching her area, and got similar results. Others found that there was a parallel DECREASE in evaporation. The evaporation studies, done all over the world were then reviewed in Australia and in the Maldives Islands, and confirmed. Of special interest were the studies by a scientist called Ramanathan, who looked at two islands in the Maldives - at the extreme ends of this chain of islands - and found that the more polluted island in the north end had much less sun and less evaporation then the southern-end island that gets cleaner Antarctic air and has more sunlight.

So, we do not want to rain on China’s parade. But, as environmentalists, we do not see only the glitter.

Seven years in the making, billions of dollars spent, great buildings, real terrific architecture, millions of happy people - and we are happy for China’s progress. China has indeed lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty - but in this Year of the Rat - we also see the Dragon of Smog. Is this pollution a must that comes with progress? Can, and will, the Chinese, and ourselves learn from these SMOG HIGHLIGHTS of an otherwise happy event? With Bush, Sarkozy, Putin, Fukuda and some other Heads of State in town to watch the opening - will their eyes also see what there is for all to see - THE SMOG? Will they pull together and say - let us do something about this so that there will be light from the sun, and no global warming as well? Can they get themselves to praise those aspects of the games and of the architecture for the games, that stressed green energy? Will they speak up and say - if we want these solar panels, and the rest of solar technology to be effective - we must also think of what the enhanced fossil fuels born smog does by sabotaging these efforts.

 http://www.republicanherald.com/articles/2008/08/08/news/local_news/pr_republican.20080808.a.pg3.pr08solarplant_s1.1865133_loc.txt

Solar plant slated for Carbon County in Pennsylvania’s Coal Region.
BY MIA LIGHT, STAFF WRITER  of The Republican Herald

 mialight at standardspeaker.com  <... href=”http://www.republicanherald.com” title=”http://www.republicanherald. ” target=”_blank”>www.republicanherald.com
Published: Friday, August 8, 2008

NESQUEHONING — The largest solar energy farm east of Nevada is slated for construction in the Carbon County community of Nesquehoning.

The facility will be the largest solar energy plant in Pennsylvania and one of the largest in the nation.

Dubbed “Pennsylvania Solar Park,” the solar farm will generate enough electricity to power 1,450 homes and eliminate more than 320,000 tons of greenhouse gas emissions, the equivalent of planting more than 25,000 acres of trees, within 30 years of operation.

“Carbon County has always been at the center of America’s energy generation. What we did for the Industrial Revolution with anthracite coal is unsurpassed. Now, we are going to be on the cutting edge of alternative energy,” McCall said.

Plans for the facility include installation of more than 900 solar trackers with 48 solar panels on each tracker. Unlike stationary solar panels, the tracking panels will pivot from east to west, following the track of the sun across the sky.

The $65 million project is being financed through a combination of private investors, federal and state incentives and tax credits.

According to Curtis, the majority of the project’s financing comes from private investors, whom he declined to identify due to ongoing negotiations.

Kovatch Enterprises, which will retain ownership of the 100-acre parcel, has entered into a 30-year lease with two 10-year renewal options — for a potential total duration of 50 years — with Green Energy Capital Partners.

Kovatch said the parcel is open space with no history of past use.

“Just weeds and trees, which are green, but this energy project will be green, too,” Kovatch said of the land and the project. “Once it’s up and running, the solar farm will be 100 percent pollution-free and help to reduce our country’s appetite for foreign oil.”

Although precise plans for distribution of electricity generated by the facility have yet to be finalized, Pennsylvania Act 213 requires local electric utility providers to purchase a percentage of the facility’s solar-generated electricity.

Act 213, which was signed into law by Gov. Ed Rendell in November 2004, requires that electric distribution companies and electric generation suppliers include a specific percentage of electricity from alternative resources in the generation that they sell to Pennsylvania customers. While Act 213 does not mandate exactly which resources must be utilized and in what quantities, certain minimum thresholds must be met for the use of solar photo voltaic resources.

Developers hope to break ground for construction by March 2009 and have the facility fully operational approximately four months after ground-breaking.

“No one loses in this type of project. Everyone wins,” Curtis said.

According to McCall, the county that was a leader in coal energy will now be a leader in alternative energy.

“I will do everything I can in Harrisburg to support projects like the solar farm to make sure we all have a cleaner, greener, more affordable energy future,” McCall said.

From:  Dan.Harding at earthscan.co.uk
Subject: The Power of Sustainable Thinking
Date: August 7, 2008

Systems expert, counselling psychologist and Earthscan author Bob Doppelt is at the forefront of attempts to tackle climate change by transforming thinking and behaviour.

Using proven ‘staged-based’ methods for altering cognitive patterns, his forthcoming book The Power of Sustainable Thinking is a manual for changing the mindset of individuals and organizations.

‘In this important book, Doppelt brings his in-depth experience as a sustainability practitioner, and his professional background as a counselling psychologist, to bear. He illustrates that major thinking and behavioural changes are necessary to resolve the climate crisis, and that serious behavioural change requires us to consciously reframe our thinking and embrace a new logic of personal, social and environmental costs and benefits.’ Eban Goodstein, professor of economics, Lewis and Clark College, founder and project director, Focus the Nation

Pre-publication review copies are now available – journalists and book review editors are welcome to contact me for more information, and to enquire about author interviews and articles.

Dan Harding
Marketing Executive
Earthscan Ltd
Dunstan House
14a St Cross Street
London EC1N 8XA, UK
Tel: +44 (0)20 7841 1953
Fax: +44 (0)20 7242 1474
www.earthscan.co.uk

—————

Further links of high interest regarding the need for a “Sustainable Thinking” volume:

Extracts from the book: http://www.earthscan.co.uk/Portals/0/pdfs/PoST_Marketing_Pack.pdf

Doppelt’s opinion piece: http://www.earthscan.co.uk/Portals/0/pdfs/Doppelt_Opinion_Piece_August_2008.pdf

From:    munekata at iges.or.jp
Subject: IGES Call for Abstracts: Climate-Friendly Transportation Strategies in Asia: Overcoming Obstacles to Co-benefits
Date: August 6, 2008

Call for Abstracts: Climate-Friendly Transportation Strategies in Asia: Overcoming Obstacles to Co-benefits.

The Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) Climate Policy Project invites abstracts (two A4 pages) on co-benefits of greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation in Asia’s transportation sector.

Selected authors will be invited to contribute full-length papers for a multi-chapter book project. Selected authors will also be sponsored to attend the Better Air Quality (BAQ) 2008 Workshop in Bangkok, Thailand and present their findings at a pre-event panel scheduled for 11 November 2008.

Due Date: 1 September 2008

Project Rationale:

Rising rates of motorization in developing Asia have become a source of concern outside and inside the region. Outside the region this concern stems from projections that carbon emissions from Asia’s transport sector could triple by 2025. Inside the region it stems from projections that urban air pollution levels, fuel costs, and commuting times could increase just as sharply over the same period. The key to altering these projections may lie in integrated transportation policies. Integrated transportation policies are so named because, rather than focusing on either developmental or climate goals, they pursue both objectives simultaneously. Integrated policies therefore have the potential to be more cost-effective than isolated climate or developmental policies.

A number of studies have demonstrated this potential by estimating the developmental benefits of integrated policies. These benefits are commonly referred to as co-benefits.  The values of co-benefits are often found to be significant in developing Asia, which would presumably draw interest from regional policymakers. But while the influence of this research seems likely to expand, thus far its impacts on policies have been limited. This book project seeks to determine why these potentially sizable impacts have yet to materialize in developing Asia’s transport sector. More concretely, the project’s main goal is to understand the opportunities for and obstacles to maximizing the co-benefits of transportation policies in developing Asia.  A second goal is to propose countermeasures based on that assessment.

Abstracts should focus on one of the following three themes.

Analytical Framework: Papers should identify categories of transportation policies with significant co-benefits and barriers to realizing those benefits. Papers may focus on technical, financial, political, and social barriers. Analytical frameworks offering explanations for why some categories of policies are more likely to succeed than others are encouraged.

Case Studies: Papers should examine specific projects/programmes/ policies where the co-benefits have or have not materialized in developing Asia.  Submissions should highlight the actors, interests and institutions that contributed to the case’s performance. Comparative case studies are encouraged.

Co-benefits in the Post-2012 Climate Regime: Papers should explore opportunities for recognizing and rewarding transportation co-benefits in the post-2012 climate regime. Insights into how the post-2012 climate regime could strengthen the design and implementation of integrated transportation policies are encouraged.
Abstracts should be submitted as a PDF file attachment by email to  cobenefits at iges.or.jp by 1 September 2008. Include “IGES CO-BENEFIT ABSTRACT” on the subject line of the email.  The abstract should include the following: the title of the paper, name and institutional affiliation of author(s) and their disciplines on the title page. Only English-language submissions will be considered.

The IGES Climate Policy Project will acknowledge receipt of all submissions by email. Notification of selected abstracts will be made by 15 September 2008. The authors of selected abstracts will be asked to submit the draft version of full paper by 5 November 2008. This call for abstracts is open to policy practitioners, scholars, and students from both developed and developing countries. The focus of study should be Asia; cases outside the region can be used for comparative purposes.

About the Climate Policy Project at IGES

The mission of the project is to recommend effective climate policies for sustainable development in Asia in this era of evolving global climate regime. In Phase 4 of its research (April 2007-March 2010), the project is conducting research on four sub-themes: market mechanisms, adaptation, climate regime beyond 2012, and co-benefits. This call for papers is specifically designed to assist the work of the sub-themes of climate regime beyond 2012 and co-benefits. For additional details of the project, please refer to http://www.iges.or.jp/en/cp.

For additional details regarding this call for abstracts, please contact:
Dr. Ancha Srinivasan, Principal Researcher and Manager at:        cobenefits at iges.or.jp

BBC News - Arctic Map, prepared by Durham University, shows dispute hotspots.

Maritime jurisdiction and boundaries in the Arctic region.

 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/staging_site/…

 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/pd…

British scientists say they have drawn up the first detailed map to show areas in the Arctic that could become embroiled in future border disputes. A team from Durham University compiled the outline of potential hotspots by basing the design on historical and ongoing arguments over ownership.
Russian scientists caused outrage last year when they planted their national flag on the seabed at the North Pole.

The UK researchers hope the map will inform politicians and policy makers.
“Its primary purpose is to inform discussions and debates because, frankly, there has been a lot of rubbish about who can claim (sovereignty) over what,” explained Martin Pratt, director of the university’s International Boundaries Research Unit (IBRU).

“To be honest, most of the other maps that I have seen in the media have been very simple,” he added.
“We have attempted to show all known claims; agreed boundaries and one thing that has not appeared on any other maps, which is the number of areas that could be claimed by Canada, Denmark and the US.”

Energy security is driving interest, as is the fact that Arctic ice is melting more and more during the summer. Martin Pratt, Durham University.

The team used specialist software to construct the nations’ boundaries, and identify what areas could be the source of future disputes.

“All coastal states have rights over the resources up to 200 nautical miles from their coastline,” Mr Pratt said. “So, we used specialist geographical software to ‘buffer’ the claims out accurately.”

The researchers also took into account the fact that some nations were able to extend their claims to 350 nautical miles as a result of their landmasses extending into the sea.

Back on the agenda:
The issue of defining national boundaries in the Arctic was brought into sharp relief last summer when a team of Russian explorers used their submarine to plant their country’s flag on the seabed at the North Pole. A number of politicians from the nations with borders within the Arctic, including Canada’s foreign minister, saw it as Moscow furthering its claim to territory within the region.

Mr Pratt said a number of factors were driving territorial claims back on to the political agenda.

“Energy security is driving interest, as is the fact that Arctic ice is melting more and more during the summer,” he told BBC News. “This is allowing greater exploration of the Arctic seabed.”

Data released by the US Geological Survey last month showed that the frozen region contained an estimated 90 billion barrels of untapped oil.

Mr Pratt added that the nations surrounding the Arctic also only had a limited amount of time to outline their claims. “If they don’t define it within the timeframe set out by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, then it becomes part of what is known as ‘The Area’, which is administered by the International Seabed Authority on behalf of humanity as a whole.”

__________

Countries in the area are Russia, Norway, Denmark (Greenland), Iceland, Canada, the US (Alaska).

We believe that 200 miles sovereignty (that is with exclusion of guaranteed maritime passage rights) from the shores of their land-mass is a foregone conclusion.

Any claims to the extension of those sovereign waters should be rejected. Those further sea-bed rights belong to the International Seabed Authority on behalf of humanity as a whole. We believe that no exception to the above should be allowed. We wrote several times that we expect China to step in and make this point stick.

We believe that this is China’s chance to declare its leading role for the 21st century.

India’s Temples Go Green.
Monday, Jul. 07, 2008, Time Magazine.
By MADHUR SINGH

An array of solar panels installed atop the Tirumala Temple’s “Nitya Annadanam canteen” in Tirupathi, India, to facilitate operation of steam cookers. This is the world’s largest solar steam cooking system.
HINDU PHOTO ARCHIVES

The Tirumala temple, in the south Indian city of Tirupathi, Kerala, is one of Hinduism’s holiest shrines. Over 5,000 pilgrims a day visit this city of seven hills, filling Tirumala’s coffers with donations and making it India’s richest temple. But since 2002, Tirumala has also been generating revenue from a less likely source: carbon credits.

For decades, the temple’s community kitchen has fed nearly 15,000 people, cooking 30,000 meals a day. Five years ago, Tirumala adopted solar cooking technology, allowing it to dramatically cut down on the amount of diesel fuel it uses. The temple now sells the emission reduction credits it earns to a Swiss green-technology investor, Good Energies Inc.

Like Tirumala, dozens of holy places across India are moving quietly towards green energy. Muni Seva Ashram, in Gujarat, which combines spiritual practice with social activism, is working to make its premises entirely green by using solar, wind and biogas energy. A residential school for 400 students is already running exclusively on green energy. Starting this year, the ashram will also sell three million carbon credits. A similar movement is afoot at the revered Sai Baba Temple in Shirdi, Maharashtra. “Our aim is to avoid pollution in every way,” says Raghunath Aher, the temple’s chief engineer. “A holy place should be pure and completely in harmony with nature.”

It’s not surprising that religious groups are in the vanguard of India’s green movement: India is the birthplace of four of the world’s largest religions — Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism, all of which revere nature and preach conservation. But the country’s environmental practice hasn’t always matched that preaching, leaving its air and water woefully polluted. According to the World Bank, emissions increased 57% in the decade following the India’s economic liberalization.

Now, however, religious groups, keen to marry spirituality with sustainability, are leading the push to reverse that trend. Deepak Gadhia, founder of Gadhia Solar Energy Systems, which provided solar cooking technology to Tirumala temple, says more and more religious organizations have approached him in recent years. “With most businesses, the first question is of economics,” he says, “But spiritual organizations look at larger issues. They want energy that is spiritually positive.”

Art of Living, for instance, a 25-year-old spiritual organization that claims nearly 30 million followers in India, focuses on returning to “the way of life espoused in the ancient Hindu scriptures,” according to spokesperson Mamta Kailkhura. The group is working with the government of Uttaranchal state to clean up the Ganges River and devise a waste disposal system for the holy city of Rishikesh. In the villages near Art of Living’s ashram in Bangalore, a program to teach farmers organic methods and ancient water harvesting techniques is afoot. The ashram itself uses biogas for part of its lighting requirements, and recycles all of its water. Of course, it all makes sound economic sense: with the government subsidizing up to 50% of the costs of installing green technology, temples like Tirumala can make steady returns selling the resulting carbon credits.

And India’s faith-based organizations are also helping spread the gospel of green. The UK-based Alliance of Religions and Conservation, which works with the UN to involve religious groups in environmental outreach, is working on a conservation campaign in the holy city of Vrindavan, as well as pushing India’s 28,000 Sikh temples to convert their kitchens to green technology. The combined potential of such efforts is limitless. India’s religious groups have sizable incomes, own vast amounts of land, and have enormous influence on public opinion through their educational institutions. Indeed, with 99% of Indians professing to one faith or another, the country’s green movement might not have a prayer without them.

From:       Graham Cooper,    mail.fkmvrafoojaab at env-finance.msgfoc…
Subject:     Keep up to date with the booming carbon markets
Date:             August 5, 2008

Earlier this year the World Bank reported that the value of the global carbon market doubled last year, to $64 billion.  Keeping up with a market achieving such rapid growth can be challenging.  This is why Environmental Finance Publications offers a number of resources to keep you up to date, one of which is our portfolio of books.

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The 3rd edition of the Carbon Funds directory has been fully updated for 2008/09 and now lists 80 existing or planned funds, buyers’ pools and other facilities that have been set up to invest in emissions-reducing projects generating carbon credits.

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Carbon Finance
The financial implications of climate change

This book, written by Sonia Labatt and Rodney R. White and published by John Wiley, is a comprehensive guide that explores the financial implications of living in a carbon-constrained world.  It provides a highly-readable overview of the key developments in this fast-evolving area and a valuable guide for anyone wishing to understand the implications of market-based approaches to combating climate change.

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A specialist management report

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Best regards.

Graham Cooper
Publisher & Managing Director
Environmental Finance Publications

Environmental Finance Publications is the trading name
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From: Lynette Thorstensen
<thorstensen@wbcsd.org>