Subject: 2009 POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWSHIPS  - IIASA

The International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) invites applications for two Postdoctoral Research Fellow positions.

IIASA is an international research organization located in Laxenburg, 16 km south of Vienna, Austria. Some 200 mathematicians, social scientists, natural scientists, economists and engineers from over 35 countries conduct inter-disciplinary research on environmental, economic, technological, and social issues in the context of human dimensions of global change, in particular climate change.
 http://www.iiasa.ac.at/docs/what-is-iias…

Candidates should have a doctoral degree for less than five years at the application deadline, with a proven record of research accomplishments.  Scholars will conduct their own research within one of IIASA’s research programs or special projects on topics closely related to IIASA’s agenda.
 http://www.iiasa.ac.at/docs/Research/

The IIASA programs of  past, research projects have included studies of:

global climate changes,

world agricultural potential,

energy resource requirements and implications,

regional patterns of acid emission and deposition,

risk analysis and management,

social and economic impacts of demographic changes,

and the theory and methods of systems analysis.
Many of those earlier research projects form the backbone of current activities.

Following the strategic and research goals set by its governing Council, since 2000, IIASA’s research is being carried out under three core themes:

Environment and Natural Resources
Population and Society
Energy and Technology.

The positions carry a competitive salary, exempt from taxation in Austria, but subject to the principle of income aggregation; an allowance for relocation expenses to and from Austria; and participation in either private or state health insurance plans.  Appointees are offered a fellowship for one or two years.

Closing date for applications is February 1, 2009.  Full details about the Program, including an on-line application form can be found at http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Admin/YSP/pdoc/te…

Contact details
Barbara Hauser
Postdoctoral Coordinator
Schlossplatz 1
A-2361 Laxenburg
Austria
Tel: +43 2236 807 541
Email:  hauser at iiasa.ac.at

 From:    Dan.Harding at earthscan.co.uk
Subject: Sustainable Investing
Date: October 31, 2008

on Sustainable Investing       

£19.99 , Hardback
October 2008
272 pages
ISBN: 9781844075485

Sustainable InvestingThe Art of Long-Term Performance: Cary Krosinsky and Nick Robins.
Series: Environmental Market Insights, Earthscan.

‘Buy and read this book. Without it, you are playing yesterday’s game,’  says Robert A. G. Monks.

‘Essential reading, whether you are an investor, a CEO or simply someone wanting to enjoy both a pension and a world fit for future life,’  says John Elkington, co-founder of ENDS, SustainAbility and Volans, and co-author of The Power of Unreasonable People .

‘A significant contribution to a rapidly growing field … This is a must-read book for practitioners and investment analysts alike,’ says Gordon L. Clark, Oxford University.

‘This book richly deserves to be read by everyone in the investment community - and many beyond,’ says Rob Lake, APG Investments, The Netherlands .

Sustainable Investing is fast becoming the smart way of generating long-term returns. With conventional investors now scrambling to factor in issues such as climate change, this book captures a turning point in the evolution of global finance. Bringing together leading practitioners of Sustainable Investing from across the globe, this book charts how this agenda has evolved, what impact it has today, and what prospects are emerging for the years ahead.

Sustainable Investing has already been outperforming the mainstream, and concerned investors need to know how best to position themselves for potentially radical market change.

‘This splendid book provides up to date analyses of virtually the entire spectrum of socially related investment possibilities. The field is in a rapid state of change - Steve Viederman’s lovely piece on the Fiduciary remains a constant guide - I recommend to everyone that you buy and read this book. Without it, you are playing yesterday’s game.’
Robert A.G. Monks, shareholder activist and leading founder of the practice of Corporate Governance.

Cary Krosinsky is a long-standing expert on the intersection of equity ownership and Sustainable and Responsible Investing, and is now Vice President, North America of Trucost Plc.

Nick Robins, former Head of SRI research and SRI funds at Henderson Global Investors, is now Head of the HSBC Climate Change Centre of Excellence.
Contents:

Foreword by Steve Lydenberg * Introduction * Part I: The Rise of Sustainable Investing * The Emergence of Sustainable Investing * Sustainable Equity Investing: The Market-Beating Strategy * Investors: A Force for Sustainability * Sustainability Analysis * Part II: Confronting New Risks and Opportunities * Observations from the Carbon Emission Markets: Implications for Carbon Finance * Carbon Exposure * Clean Energy Opportunities * Water * Part III: Sustainability Across the Other Asset Classes * Fixed Income and Microfinance * Sustainable and Responsible Property Investing * Private Equity: Unlocking the Sustainability Potential * Social Businesses * Part IV: Future Directions and Trends * China * India * Civil Society and Capital Markets * Fiduciary Duty * The Global Agenda * Conclusion: Sustainable Investing - The Art of Long-Term Performance * Index

China’s Key Energy Policy Institution Joins REEEP

Beijing, October 30, 2008

Today at the Global Wind Energy Conference in Beijing, the Energy Research Institute (ERI), a key division of National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), formally joined REEEP.  NDRC is the main policy making body in China on energy, environment and climate change. The signing ceremony was attended by senior Chinese government officials from NDRC and the National Energy Agency (NEA) and also representatives from local diplomatic missions of key REEEP partner and donor countries – United Kingdom, Norway, Australia and Italy.

ERI is a national research organisation conducting comprehensive studies on China’s energy issues. It is guided by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in many aspects of its research work. The work carried out by ERI forms the basis of Energy and Climate Change policy implemented in China by NDRC.

Speaking at the Global Wind Energy Conference, ERI Director-General Han Wenke stated “Joining an international partnership such as REEEP allows the Energy Efficiency Center and the Center for Renewable Energy Development (CRED) to further strengthen their ties to international experience. Experiences that can be of use here in China”.

Mr. Li Junfeng, Secretary General of the Chinese Renewable Energy Industries Association who is hosting the REEEP East Asia Regional Secretariat, indicated that ERI has been working closely with REEEP in China from both project and strategic sides. ERI’s joining the REEEP will enhance the existing collaboration between REEEP and ERI, and bring multi-benefits to both parties as they share a common aim regarding the promotion and deployment of renewable and energy efficiency technology in China.

ERI’s joining of an international clean energy partnership is an indication of the Chinese government’s desire to accelerate energy conservation and renewable energy in the country.

REEEP has been working in China since 2003, implementing sixteen projects focused on policies, regulations, finance and business issues. REEEP and CRED, one department of ERI focusing on policy research for renewable energy, worked a National Implementation Roadmap for Wind and a study on the potential for Biomass Co-firing in coal-fired power stations.

China intends to use REEEP as a vehicle to gain access to international experience and best practices on energy efficiency and renewable energy, in order to strengthen the significant efforts that China has already made  in renewable energy and energy efficiency development.

REEEP announced plans to work with the Chinese government and industry associations to develop a report on Chinese Achievements in Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency.

REEEP will also work together with ERI to support new policy measures that increase the role of sustainable energy in China’s transition to a low carbon economy.

Dr. Marianne Osterkorn, REEEP International Director, stated “while China is becoming the world’s leading economy, China is already the world leader in renewable energy and taking major steps towards energy efficiency. It is remarkable that China gives such importance to renewable and energy efficiency, and that they value their importance on the path to a lower carbon economy.

Agata Gago
Media Relations
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP)
International Secretariat
Wagramerstrasse 5
1400 Vienna, Austria
Tel: +48 503 180 791
 http://www.reeep.org

US partners with Israel to develop the next generation of energy.
By Ahron Shapiro
October 03, 2006

Among the Israeli research that’s cited in support of the bill is the development of a technique that vastly increases the efficiency of using solar energy to generate hydrogen for use in energy cells.

An ISRAEL21c series
The Israeli Energy Alternative

If the United States is serious about energy independence, it has to reach beyond its borders and recruit the help of the world’s top scientists in the field of alternative energy. That opinion by Rep. Brad Sherman (D-CA) was partially the impetus for the United States-Israel Energy Cooperation Act - a springboard for scientific research that may help the US reach its strategic goal.

In July, the bill, co-sponsored by Sherman, and carrying bipartisan support and the weight of 100 co-sponsors, passed easily through the House of Representatives by a voice vote. It has now moved to the Senate, where it is expected to roll on a fast track to ratification.

Why is Congress so bullish on this bill and why does the US so readily turn to another country - Israel - for research that is so fundamental to America’s long term security? According to Sherman, first and foremost, the US needs Israel’s help.

“There is nothing we can do that is more important than weaning the United States and the world off its dependence of petroleum. And the first step is research, and an important part of that research is cooperative research with other countries similarly dedicated to finding alternative energy,” noted Sherman, adding “There is perhaps no better partner than Israel.”

In his State of the Union Address in February, US President George Bush called special attention to America’s historic dependence on foreign petroleum. “America is addicted to oil,” Bush said, and vowed to push the US towards energy independence. And later, in May, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert expressed solidarity with the US leader and lauded the cooperation act.

In support of the bill, several speakers on the House Floor made allusions to Israeli scientific expertise in the field of alternative energies. The bill itself cites three examples of breakthroughs made by Israeli scientists and researchers in this niche:

- The development of a cathode that uses hexavalent iron salts that accept three electrons per ion and enable rechargeable batteries to provide three times as much electricity as existing rechargeable batteries;

- The development of a technique that vastly increases the efficiency of using solar energy to generate hydrogen for use in energy cells;

- The development of a novel membrane used in new and powerful direct-oxidant fuel cells that is capable of competing favorably with hydrogen fuel cells and traditional internal combustion engines.

Ron Dermer, Israel’s Minister of Economic Affairs in the US told ISRAEL21c that he compared the current race towards American energy independence to its race towards nuclear technology at the end of World War II.

“If [you] were looking to create “The Manhattan Project” of alternative energy, then certainly… one country [you] would want at that table would be Israel,” Dermer said.

Under the terms of the bill, the United States Department of Energy is authorized to invest up to $20 million annually through 2012 in joint energy projects between American and Israeli businesses, scientists and academics. Eligible products include research, development and commercialization of alternative energy sources, improved energy efficiency and renewable energy sources.

The bill has a payback provision that ensures that the American taxpayer would be reimbursed for the grants issued under the Act through profits earned from innovations emerging from the research.

“What that means is that if a successful project is developed as a result of these funds and if an energy source is found, according to rules provided by the Secretary of Energy, the Treasury of the United States will be repaid in proportion to the Federal Government’s investment in the research involved or in the project which created this new energy,” said Rep. John Shadegg (R-AZ), sponsor of the bill

“This bill is an absolute win for everybody,” said Rep. Eliot Engel (D-NY).

Dermer said that Israel’s reputation for quality science and research has often been described in terms of statistics and figures, which sometimes obscure the real significance.

“All these statistics of all the scientists per capita and engineers per capita and [the vast amount of] R&D that is done in Israel… The question you have to ask yourself is: What does all that mean?” Dermer asked rhetorically.

“It means that we have the most dynamic, entrepreneurial workforce on the planet.”

The roots of the Cooperation Act bill can be traced back to a conference in 2003 sponsored by the American Jewish Congress and the US Department of Energy. The conference, themed “Cooperation for Energy Independence of Democracies in the 21st Century,” was held in Jerusalem with the participation of 170 attendees from 140 institutions and six countries.

“What developed at the conference was the concept of designing a permanent pipeline for [energy research] cooperation between the United States and Israel,” Neil B. Goldstein, AJC executive director, told ISRAEL21c.

“When we returned to the United States from this conference, I and my staff sat down and drafted some talking points of specific principles that we wanted to see included in any such legislation. We took these very specific principles and… our Washington office approached a member of Congress to see if these could then be implemented in the form of specific legislation.”

Goldstein said that now that the bill has passed through the House, it is on a fast track for ratification in the Senate and eventual approval from the White House.

“We have been informed informally that there will be hearings of the bill in the fall and that we will be asked to testify,” Goldstein said. “Our expectation? is that [the bill] will be reported favorably with some amendments. We have also been informed by [Senate Majority Leader William] Frist that he favors passage of this bill in this session of Congress and that they are pushing very hard to see that. My expectation is that the bill… will be [passed by the] full Senate… and that the president will then sign it into law shortly thereafter.”

On its website, the AJC defines itself as “an association of Jewish Americans, whose members have organized to defend against threats to Jewish interests at home and abroad through vigorous public policy advocacy, in the courts, Congress, the executive branch and local legislatures.”

Energy independence has been one of the AJC’s core issues in recent years, a natural turn of events according to Goldstein.

“There is no issue that is more important to Israel and to the Jewish community than energy,” Goldstein said.

“This is an issue that every dollar that is spent on imported oil is a dollar potentially that can go to the enemies of the United States and Israel and as good Americans and as good Jews we are concerned about that.

“We are concerned that petrodollars are finding their way directly into the hands of terrorists. And some money is in the hands of people like President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad of Iran who wants to destroy Israel and, by the way, wants to [also] destroy the United States.”

————-
House Approved Shadegg-Sherman Bill on U.S.-Israel Energy Cooperation (July 26, 2006)

Energy Change: Its Coming!
From Nick Hodge,  Tuesday, October 28th, 2008
You’re well aware of all the green catchphrases by now. Almost any slogan or jingle that can contain anything green has now been used.

We know what greenwashing is. We’re all in favor of energy independence. We’re familiar with green building, energy audits, and carbon footprints.

But a new age of green buzzwords is emerging that carry even more meaning than their predecessors.

Instead of representing one angle or aspect of going green, these new phrases encompass the entire idea, including economic and societal implications. Specifically, the phrase I’m referring to is Alternative Energy Economy.

***

Alternative Energy Economy:

In prior articles, I’ve referred to this notion as the new energy economy. But since alternative and renewable energy is going to play such a large role going forward, Alternative Energy Economy seems now to be more correct.

Some are calling it the Apollo Project for a new century.

***

Nick Hodge talks already of a “Green Energy Gold Rush.”
He says $148 billion was invested in the renewable energy sector last year.
The world’s wealthiest investors are… and they’re doing it outside the U.S. In fact, half of the world’s wealthiest investors — those with assets greater than $1 million — are invested in green markets.
***

Here’s what it means, in a nutshell.

First off, decreasing our reliance on oil—both foreign and domestic—could start to inject some of the $1 trillion or more we spend on the stuff every year. Much more if you count the security costs.

Of course, we won’t become oil independent overnight, but every barrel saved is a deposit in the collective domestic piggy bank.

***

The money we save on oil, coupled with copious government and private investment, can be funneled to facilitate the deployment of alternative energy resources.

This is the first pillar of an alternative energy economy: energy conservation and renewed investment.

***

From there, we can look forward to direct, tangible benefits to the real economy.

(Please note: This is not an endorsement of Obama or a counting-the-chickens-before-they-hatch scenario, but rather an objective reference based on the available poll data and the likely outcome of the election at this writing.)

*****

An Obama-Based Alternative Energy Economy:

Obama’s plan is indeed an Apollo project for alternative energy.

The plan seeks to rapidly accelerate the world’s transition to renewable fuels, while turbocharging the economy and weaning us off our dependency for cheap credit at the same time.

***

Here’s what Time Magazine had to say about his plan in relation to the current economic problems:

He wants to launch an “Apollo project” to build a new alternative energy economy. His rationale for doing so includes some hard truths about the current economic mess:

“The engine of economic growth for the past 20 years is not going to be there for the next 20. That was consumer spending. Basically, we turbocharged this economy based on cheap credit.” But the days of easy credit are over, Obama said, “because there is too much deleveraging taking place, too much debt.” A new economic turbocharger is going to have to be found, and “there is no better potential driver that pervades all aspects of our economy than a new energy economy … That’s going to be my No. 1 priority when I get into office.

***

So what exactly would an Apollo Project for energy look like?

Such is the second pillar of an alternative energy economy: initiating programs from the top down that facilitate a culture change in which the country makes solving the energy crisis a priority and an opportunity.

***

Realizing an Alternative Energy Economy:

The third pillar of an alternative energy economy is this: migrating from ideas to action and seeing real change, progress, and results.

Once the policies have been implemented and the strategy is in place, action will commence.

Free market initiative combined with government oversite and support will lead to renewed and sustained investment, the creation of jobs, and the deployment of voluminous amounts of renewable energy projects and capacity in the form of new wind farms, solar installations, geothermal and tidal use, electric vehicles, and new electricity transmission.

The government will have new tax revenue to support energy projects, the real economy will benefit from newfound jobs and savings from stable energy prices for home and auto, and American society will benefit from private and corporate re-investment in our education system and communities.

That’s how I see the fundamentals of an alternative energy economy.

Of course, there will be long-term, unquantifiable, and unforeseen benefits as well—cleaner air, increased productivity, national pride, and a sense of unity to name few.

And, along with new new investment at the government and private early round levels, will come new green investment opportunities for us and increased profits from the already established renewable energy companies.

 From:    kmaser at awma.org
Subject: Call for Abstracts - Greenhouse Gas Measurement Symposium
Date: October 28, 2008

Greenhouse Gas Measurement Symposium
March 23-24, 2009
San Francisco, CA USA

Call for Abstracts

The Air and Waste Management Association (A&WMA) is pleased to announce the first international Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Measurement Symposium to be held March 23 and 24, 2009 in San Francisco, CA.

The conference provides a discussion forum for novel concepts in GHG emission source measurement, measurement based modeling, and surrogate-monitoring assessment in the context of future compliance, verification, and emission trading strategies.

The conference will be of interest to industrial plant operators, regulators, instrument suppliers, and researchers.  It will provide a forum for stakeholders in the future implementation of GHG trading and emissions inventories to exchange ideas and review the application of measurement based approaches for GHG emissions quantification.

Requested abstract and platform presentations topics include but are not limited to:
CH4 emissions from landfills and agricultural operations
GHG emissions from fugitive and area sources
CO2 sequestration field monitoring
Quantification of GHG up-take from soils
Assessment of whole-site GHG emissions from large industrial facilities
GHG emissions from small industrial and commercial sources
Use of surrogates monitoring for estimating GHG emissions
Integration of GHG experimental and modeling studies
Measurement related verification requirements for GHG trading markets
Offset verification and modeling

An abstract of 300 words or less must be submitted for review by December 5, 2008.  Please submit your abstract to Carrie Hartz at  chartz at awma.org.

Authors will be notified of acceptance by January 16, 2009.  A draft extended abstract (three to five pages) is due by February 13, 2009. A final extended abstract is due by March 6, 2009. Receipt of the final extended abstract is a mandatory prerequisite for presentation at the conference

Massive Shift to Clean Energy Could Start Tomorrow.
by Wolfgang Kerler

NEW YORK, Oct 28 (IPS) - An aggressive shift towards renewable power generation and energy efficiency could save the world from the most devastating impacts of climate change, and at the same time create a multi-billion-dollar industry and save trillions of dollars in future fuel costs, experts say.

A report released Monday by the European Renewable Energy Council (EREC) and Greenpeace International entitled “Energy [R]Evolution: A Sustainable World Energy Outlook”, estimates that investments meant to create a low carbon society would carry an annual 360-billion-dollar industry. “A renewable energy future is possible,” Meg Boyle, global warming policy specialist at Greenpeace USA, told IPS. “The Energy Revolution provides a blueprint to get from where we are to where we need to be, and demonstrates that investing in renewable energy and energy efficiency is good for energy security, the economy, and the climate.”

The blueprint is based on the assumption that in order to prevent catastrophic climate change, global CO2 emissions must have peaked by 2015 and must have returned to current levels by 2020. The authors argue that carbon emissions will be cut by 50 percent in 2050 if the suggested measures are adopted.

According to the report, there are some major steps needed to tackle climate change. First of all, the technical potential to increase energy efficiency must be exploited — for instance, by improving the insulation of buildings or by replacing conventional heaters and hot water systems with systems fueled by renewable energy.

Furthermore, there needs to be a shift from “road to railroad” — meaning the expansion of public transportation systems to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the extensive use of private vehicles.

The most fundamental changes are needed in the sector of power production: Today’s centralised large-scale power stations — which are consuming mostly non-renewable sources of energy like coal, gas and oil — must be replaced by small and decentralised power plants based on renewable energies like solar, wind or geothermal.

To achieve this goal, “the power industry and utilities will need to take more responsibility for reducing emissions, as investment decisions decide what sources of energy we use for the next generation,” Boyle said.

Oliver Schäfer, EREC policy director, stressed that the adaption of the Energy Revolution scenario would pay off financially, too, because “the global market for renewable energy can grow at a double digit rate until 2050, and overtake the size of today’s fossil fuel industry. Currently, the renewable energy market is worth 70 billion dollars and doubling in size every three years.”

As fossil fuels are growing scarce, their prices are very likely to increase in the future — making continued reliance on non-renewable energy sources more and more expensive.

The report estimates that without changing the system, total electricity supply costs will rise from 1.75 trillion today to 3.8 trillion dollars in 2020. According to Greenpeace and EREC, their Energy Revolution scenario would save 18.7 trillion dollars until 2030 — 750 billion a year from now.

Following the blueprint, the world could cover 32.5 percent of its electricity needs with renewable energy by 2020. While established technologies like solar and wind may take the lead, new technologies will be a part of the energy mix — for example solar thermal, geothermal or ocean energy.

Another result of the scenario’s adoption would be greater equity in the use of resources between industrialised and developing countries.

Since the developed countries have a far higher per capita use of energy — and therefore produce most of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions — they would have to reduce their emissions earlier than developing economies, peaking no later than 2015.

Developing countries will have to stabilise their emissions by 2020 and reduce them beyond 2030 — a timeframe that would allow them to further grow economically.

“They need to learn from the mistakes of the developed world and invest in renewable energy instead of coal and nuclear,” Boyle said.

Asked about how realistic the adoption of the Energy Revolution scenario is for global policy-makers, Boyle lamented that “so far the international community’s overall speed of progress toward a new climate agreement has fallen far short of the rapid pace needed to avoid climate catastrophe.”

Greenpeace is now calling upon world leaders to agree on strong new global caps on emissions in developed countries — without major loopholes — as well as on massive funding for renewable energy, energy effiency and climate change adaptation in developing countries.

“Politicians in the developed world — where, as our scenario proves, the barriers to change are political, not technical — need to take the lead and act swiftly to enact a strong global climate agreement,” Boyle said.

Israeli scientist uses enzymes to change the world
By David Shamah, October 22, 2008, ISRAEL21c

In the world of biology, an enzyme is a change agent - a catalyst that can cause chemical reactions, shaking things up and producing a new, and better, reality. So it’s no accident that Dr. Sobhi Basheer’s specialty is enzyme work; the Sakhnin native is one of the most accomplished enzyme technology researchers in Israel, an entrepreneur with no fewer than three successful startup companies to his credit, and a walking symbol of Israeli-Arab coexistence, as well. If that doesn’t describe a “change agent,” then what does?

From his post as director of the Galilee Society’s research and development center - a biotechnology incubator funded by the Ministry of Science - Basheer has been working on biotechnology projects for over a decade, conducting groundbreaking work in enzyme research that has led to a number of innovative products, from environmentally friendly biodiesel fuel to artificial mother’s milk fat, to a better way to make margarine, among others.

All of these products, and more, are the result of Basheer’s development of the patented AMIET (activated, modified immobilized enzyme technology) research platform, which uses enzymes to create change in organic systems, resulting in a better, healthier product.

***

Turning waste into biodiesel:

With his latest project, SB Biotechnologies, Basheer is working to transform “waste” animal and vegetable oil into diesel fuel, using genetically engineered enzymes that produce diesel in a clean, environmentally friendly manner - unlike the current popular production methods that spew out many pollutant by-products. Considering that many countries, including all members of the European Union, have mandated that all diesel fuel sold contain as much as 25 percent biodiesel, the company has already begun lining up clients.

For most entrepreneurs or scientists, it would have been enough to figure out a better way to produce a much-in-demand commodity, supplementing the finite supply of fossil fuels with virtually inexhaustible supplies of vegetable and animal oil. But Basheer is still active in another company he started eight years ago, called Enzymotec, which uses biotechnology to produce a range of products, such as artificially produced mother’s milk fat, used in infant formula to allow better digestion of formula and key minerals such as calcium and essential fats. Another Enzymotec product mimics the ability of breast milk to boost DHA availability in the brain, critical for brain and vision development in babies.

***

Tackling trans-fats.
Enzymotec’s best known product, CardiaBeat, is partially based on research Basheer did in the framework of yet another company he ran, called Zeitouna, the Arabic word for olive. Using his AMIET technology, Basheer figured out a way to use enzymes to hydrogenate vegetable oils - turning them into solid substances for use in foods, without the usually resulting trans-fats, which are considered prime suspects in heart disease and increasingly facing bans in many communities. CardiaBeat has been approved for use in many countries around the world, and is being used in Europe, the Far East, and the US in a variety of supplements and food products, including margarine.

From his roots i