links about us archives search home
SustainabiliTankSustainabilitank menu graphic
SustainabiliTank
Languages:
English flagItalian flagGerman flagSpanish flagFrench flagPortuguese flagJapanese flagKorean flagChinese flagArabic flagRussian flag

Reporting from the UN Headquarters in New YorkReporting from Washington DCReporting from UNFCCC Meetings
Other UN CitiesThe US StatesThe New Climate
Global Warming issuesPolicy Lessons from Mad Cow DiseaseUN Commission on Sustainable Development

 
Future Meetings:

 

Posted on Sustainabilitank.info on October 29th, 2008
by Pincas Jawetz (PJ@SustainabiliTank.com)

Energy Change: Its Coming!
From Nick Hodge,  Tuesday, October 28th, 2008
You’re well aware of all the green catchphrases by now. Almost any slogan or jingle that can contain anything green has now been used.

We know what greenwashing is. We’re all in favor of energy independence. We’re familiar with green building, energy audits, and carbon footprints.

But a new age of green buzzwords is emerging that carry even more meaning than their predecessors.

Instead of representing one angle or aspect of going green, these new phrases encompass the entire idea, including economic and societal implications. Specifically, the phrase I’m referring to is Alternative Energy Economy.

***

Alternative Energy Economy:

In prior articles, I’ve referred to this notion as the new energy economy. But since alternative and renewable energy is going to play such a large role going forward, Alternative Energy Economy seems now to be more correct.

Either way, those terms have come to represent a paradigm shift in how the world sees and uses energy.

They’re all-encompassing terms, synonymous with energy revolution, moonshot, and the Manhattan Project.

Some are calling it the Apollo Project for a new century.

***

Nick Hodge talks already of a “Green Energy Gold Rush.”
He says $148 billion was invested in the renewable energy sector last year.
The world’s wealthiest investors are… and they’re doing it outside the U.S. In fact, half of the world’s wealthiest investors — those with assets greater than $1 million — are invested in green markets.
***

Here’s what it means, in a nutshell.

First off, decreasing our reliance on oil—both foreign and domestic—could start to inject some of the $1 trillion or more we spend on the stuff every year. Much more if you count the security costs.

Of course, we won’t become oil independent overnight, but every barrel saved is a deposit in the collective domestic piggy bank.

***

The money we save on oil, coupled with copious government and private investment, can be funneled to facilitate the deployment of alternative energy resources.

This is the first pillar of an alternative energy economy: energy conservation and renewed investment.

***

From there, we can look forward to direct, tangible benefits to the real economy.

To get into them, we need a starting point, a base case.

With the election a week away, and most critical state polls heavily favoring the democratic candidate, let’s use Barack Obama’s alternative energy plan as a springboard.

(Please note: This is not an endorsement of Obama or a counting-the-chickens-before-they-hatch scenario, but rather an objective reference based on the available poll data and the likely outcome of the election at this writing.)

*****

An Obama-Based Alternative Energy Economy:

Obama’s plan is indeed an Apollo project for alternative energy.

The plan seeks to rapidly accelerate the world’s transition to renewable fuels, while turbocharging the economy and weaning us off our dependency for cheap credit at the same time.

***

Here’s what Time Magazine had to say about his plan in relation to the current economic problems:

He wants to launch an “Apollo project” to build a new alternative energy economy. His rationale for doing so includes some hard truths about the current economic mess:

“The engine of economic growth for the past 20 years is not going to be there for the next 20. That was consumer spending. Basically, we turbocharged this economy based on cheap credit.” But the days of easy credit are over, Obama said, “because there is too much deleveraging taking place, too much debt.” A new economic turbocharger is going to have to be found, and “there is no better potential driver that pervades all aspects of our economy than a new energy economy … That’s going to be my No. 1 priority when I get into office.

***

So what exactly would an Apollo Project for energy look like?

According to the Apollo Alliance, which Obama supports, a rigorous program channeling $500 billion over 10 years to alternative energy projects is needed. That money would be dedicated to:

Generate clean power (25% from renewable sources by 2025)

Improve energy conservation and efficiency

Cut energy bills

Improve US technological and industrial capabilities

Create 5 million green-collar jobs

Compared to what we’re currently facing, each one of those bullets would be a welcomed change.

25% renewable power compared to today’s 6%.

Improved energy conservation and efficiency instead of complacent energy waste and misuse.

Reduced energy bills compared to the current high and volatile prices.

A renewed dedication to science and math, from childhood on up, that puts America back on top of today’s information-based economy and allows us to export energy technology to the rest of the world.

The creation of 5 million new well-paid and secure green jobs instead of the 760,000 we’ve lost so far this year.

Such is the second pillar of an alternative energy economy: initiating programs from the top down that facilitate a culture change in which the country makes solving the energy crisis a priority and an opportunity.

***

Realizing an Alternative Energy Economy:

The third pillar of an alternative energy economy is this: migrating from ideas to action and seeing real change, progress, and results.

Once the policies have been implemented and the strategy is in place, action will commence.

Free market initiative combined with government oversite and support will lead to renewed and sustained investment, the creation of jobs, and the deployment of voluminous amounts of renewable energy projects and capacity in the form of new wind farms, solar installations, geothermal and tidal use, electric vehicles, and new electricity transmission.

The government will have new tax revenue to support energy projects, the real economy will benefit from newfound jobs and savings from stable energy prices for home and auto, and American society will benefit from private and corporate re-investment in our education system and communities.

That’s how I see the fundamentals of an alternative energy economy.

Of course, there will be long-term, unquantifiable, and unforeseen benefits as well—cleaner air, increased productivity, national pride, and a sense of unity to name few.

And, along with new new investment at the government and private early round levels, will come new green investment opportunities for us and increased profits from the already established renewable energy companies.

###

Posted on Sustainabilitank.info on October 29th, 2008
by Pincas Jawetz (PJ@SustainabiliTank.com)

 From:    kmaser at awma.org
Subject: Call for Abstracts - Greenhouse Gas Measurement Symposium
Date: October 28, 2008

Greenhouse Gas Measurement Symposium
March 23-24, 2009
San Francisco, CA USA

Call for Abstracts

The Air and Waste Management Association (A&WMA) is pleased to announce the first international Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Measurement Symposium to be held March 23 and 24, 2009 in San Francisco, CA.

The conference provides a discussion forum for novel concepts in GHG emission source measurement, measurement based modeling, and surrogate-monitoring assessment in the context of future compliance, verification, and emission trading strategies.

The conference will be of interest to industrial plant operators, regulators, instrument suppliers, and researchers.  It will provide a forum for stakeholders in the future implementation of GHG trading and emissions inventories to exchange ideas and review the application of measurement based approaches for GHG emissions quantification.

Requested abstract and platform presentations topics include but are not limited to:
CH4 emissions from landfills and agricultural operations
GHG emissions from fugitive and area sources
CO2 sequestration field monitoring
Quantification of GHG up-take from soils
Assessment of whole-site GHG emissions from large industrial facilities
GHG emissions from small industrial and commercial sources
Use of surrogates monitoring for estimating GHG emissions
Integration of GHG experimental and modeling studies
Measurement related verification requirements for GHG trading markets
Offset verification and modeling

An abstract of 300 words or less must be submitted for review by December 5, 2008.  Please submit your abstract to Carrie Hartz at  chartz at awma.org.

Authors will be notified of acceptance by January 16, 2009.  A draft extended abstract (three to five pages) is due by February 13, 2009. A final extended abstract is due by March 6, 2009. Receipt of the final extended abstract is a mandatory prerequisite for presentation at the conference

###

Posted on Sustainabilitank.info on October 28th, 2008
by Pincas Jawetz (PJ@SustainabiliTank.com)

From The Hart Energy Conference Team:   conferences@hartenergy.com

title_banner.gif

The defensive line-up of speakers on what tomorrow holds for what is defined as the energy industry.

  • Dr. Pierce Riemer, Director General; World Petroleum Council
  • Chet France, Director, Assessment & Standards Division, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, US EPA
  • Dr. Mat Malladi, President, Corporate Business Development; Reliance Industries Ltd.
  • Donald L. Paul, President and Managing Director; Energy and Technology Strategies; Chief Technology Officer, Chevron (retired)
  • Robert H. McCooey, Jr., Senior Vice President of New Listings and Capital Markets; NASDAQ OMX
  • Richard W. Hamilton, President and CEO; Ceres, Inc.
  • Sergio Baron, Commercial Manager; Petrobras America Inc.
  • Tom Stricker, Director of Technical and Regulatory Affairs; Toyota Motor North America, Inc.
  • Dr. James A. Spearot, Director of the Chemical and Environmental Sciences Laboratory, Research and Development Center; General Motors
  • Peter Prout, Director of Government Relations, Federal and State Environmental Affairs; Volvo Group North America
  • John F. Mizroch, Acting Assistant Secretary, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, US DOE
  • Faith Goodman, Vice President, Ontario Division; Canadian Petroleum Products Institute
  • William M. Ferretti, PhD, Vice President and Special Assistant to the Chairman; Chicago Climate Exchange
  • John Tombari, Vice President North & South America, Schlumberger Carbon Services
  • Dr. Edward Morse, Chief Energy Economist; Lehman Brothers
  • Scott D. Deatherage, Partner and Leader of Climate Change and Renewable Energy Practice Group; Thompson & Knight
  • John McNamara, Senior Director, Corporate Services; Thomson Reuters
  • Michael Pacheco, Vice President of Midwest Research Institute; National Renewable Energy Laboratory
  • John W. Autrey, CEO; Texas BioDiesel Corporation
  • John Hyman, Executive Director; Texas Independent Cattlemen’s Association
  • Matthew Koch, Washington Representative, American Petroleum Institute

At www.SustainabiliTank.info we have no bone with the above line-up, but we hope that coming 2009 the subject will expand to hold many more factors, and the Administration in Washington will go well beyond thinking that the Governor of Alaska is an energy specialist.

Further, we do actually commend Fred Potter, and his organization, for including Renewable Energy in his line-up, but we would have picked for this part some foreign speakers that could have told the mainly Texas Oil audience of what the expectations are World-Wide. Also, bringing in Toyota and Volvo seems to be a sign of strength - and we hope that GM and Ford will find something to learn here. Anyone heard of electric cars?

###

Posted on Sustainabilitank.info on October 24th, 2008
by Pincas Jawetz (PJ@SustainabiliTank.com)

 From:    justin at climateregistry.org
Subject: California Climate Action Registry Co-Digester Protocol Kick-off Meeting.
Date: October 21, 2008

The California Climate Action Registry is developing the Co-Digestion Protocol - its first organic waste diversion project protocol. As a first foray into the organic waste diversion sector, the California Registry will host a public meeting to discuss the development of a co-digestion greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction project protocol and wants to invite all interested stakeholders to join us. The meeting will be held on November 13 from 10:00AM to 3:30PM PST at the Standard Hotel in Los Angeles, California.

The California Registry is dedicated to the development of high quality, standardized protocols for GHG reduction projects. The Co-Digestion Protocol will provide an accurate GHG accounting methodology for GHG reduction projects that co-digest (alongside manure waste) organic waste streams that otherwise would have gone to anaerobic treatment/disposal systems such as solid waste landfills, anaerobic lagoons, and wastewater treatment facilities. Co-digestion projects will prevent the release of methane to the atmosphere by capturing and combusting methane gas.

This kick-off meeting will also provide an opportunity for discussion of other possible project activities related to organic waste diversion since the baseline calculation methodology for co-digestion activities will likely be relevant to other project activities in the organic waste diversion sector.

The California Registry would like to encourage all interested stakeholders to join us, including representatives and experts from:
·       the dairy and agricultural industries
·       the wastewater and waste management industries
·       waste diversion and environmental advocacy organizations
·       project developer organizations
·       academia
·       local, state, and federal agencies

If you plan on attending, please RSVP to  policy at climateregistry.org by November 7, 2008. 

A detailed agenda will be provided to all attendees prior to the meeting.

The California Climate Action Registry is developing the Co-Digestion Protocol - its first organic waste diversion project protocol. As a first foray into the organic waste diversion sector, the California Registry will host a public meeting to discuss the development of a co-digestion greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction project protocol and wants to invite all interested stakeholders to join us. The meeting will be held on November 13 from 10:00AM to 3:30PM PST at the Standard Hotel in Los Angeles, California.

The California Registry is dedicated to the development of high quality, standardized protocols for GHG reduction projects. The Co-Digestion Protocol will provide an accurate GHG accounting methodology for GHG reduction projects that co-digest (alongside manure waste) organic waste streams that otherwise would have gone to anaerobic treatment/disposal systems such as solid waste landfills, anaerobic lagoons, and wastewater treatment facilities. Co-digestion projects will prevent the release of methane to the atmosphere by capturing and combusting methane gas.

This kick-off meeting will also provide an opportunity for discussion of other possible project activities related to organic waste diversion since the baseline calculation methodology for co-digestion activities will likely be relevant to other project activities in the organic waste diversion sector.

The California Registry would like to encourage all interested stakeholders to join us, including representatives and experts from:
·       the dairy and agricultural industries
·       the wastewater and waste management industries
·       waste diversion and environmental advocacy organizations
·       project developer organizations
·       academia
·       local, state, and federal agencies

If you plan on attending, please RSVP to  policy at climateregistry.org by November 7, 2008.  A detailed agenda will be provided to all attendees prior to the meeting.

###

Posted on Sustainabilitank.info on October 24th, 2008
by Pincas Jawetz (PJ@SustainabiliTank.com)

 The Green Bible

Published by HarperOne on October 7, 2008, The Green Bible will equip and encourage people to see God’s vision for creation and help them engage in the work of healing and sustaining it. With over 1,000 references to the earth in the Bible, compared to 490 references to heaven and 530 references to love, the Bible carries a powerful message for the earth.

The Green Bible contains the following features:

Green-Letter Edition: Verses and passages that speak to God’s care for creation highlighted in green
Foreword by Archbishop Desmond Tutu
Essays by Brian McLaren, Cal DeWitt, Barbara Brown Taylor, Pope John Paul II, Ellen Davis, N. T. Wright, Ellen Bernstein, Matthew Sleeth, James Jones, and Gordon Aeschliman
Inspirational quotes from Christian teachings throughout the ages
A green Bible topical index
A personal green Bible trail study guide
An appendix with information on further reading, how to get involved, and practical steps to take
Recycled paper, using soy-based ink with a cotton/linen cover

For more information about The Green Bible, visit: http://www.greenletterbible.com/

—————–

Religion and Ecology Events at the American Academy of Religion

We want to remind you about the numerous events related to the field of religion and ecology that will be taking place at this year’s annual meeting of the American Academy of Religion in Chicago from October 31 - November 3, 2008. 

A list of these events can be found on the Forum website at:
 http://fore.research.yale.edu/events/200…

The AAR is a professional, membership-based organization primarily for teachers of religious studies in colleges and universities as well as secondary schools. Please note that paid registration for the annual meeting is required. Further details and registration information can be found at:

 http://www.aarweb.org/Meetings/Annual_Me…

The Forum is assisting with the following two events, which are free and open to the public:

Forum on Religion and Ecology Session
Theme: “Heart of the Universe”
Selections from a new film on the universe story with Brian Swimme
2:00pm-5:00pm
Palmer House Hilton Hotel, 17 E

“Where Religion and Ecology Meet: The Field and the Force”
Speaker: Mary Evelyn Tucker, Yale University
7:00pm-8:30pm
Chicago Hilton and Towers, 720 S. Michigan Ave.
International Ballroom South
Followed by reception, 8:30-10:00pm

###

Posted on Sustainabilitank.info on October 22nd, 2008
by Pincas Jawetz (PJ@SustainabiliTank.com)

UN DAILY NEWS from the UNITED NATIONS NEWS SERVICE
22 October, 2008 =========================================================================

TOP ECONOMISTS TO MEET BAN KI-MOON TO DISCUSS IMPACT OF GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS.

Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon will meet with a group of eminent economists tomorrow as part of his evaluation of the impact of the global financial crisis on United Nations efforts to achieve the anti-poverty targets known as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

Five economists will participate in the meeting in New York, which will also consider the effects of the financial crisis on climate change, UN spokesperson Michele Montas told reporters today.

The economists are Joseph Stieglitz of Columbia University; Kenneth Rogoff of Harvard University; Dani Rodrik of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard; Nancy Birdsall, President of the Centre for Global Development, a think tank; and Jeffrey Sachs, Director of the Earth Institute at Columbia.

***

Earlier this week General Assembly President Miguel D’Escoto announced he has appointed Professor Stiglitz, a winner of the Nobel Prize for Economics in 2001, to chair a high-level task force to review the global financial system.

The composition and terms of reference of the task force, which will examine such major bodies as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), are expected to be unveiled next month.

***

In recent weeks Mr. Ban has repeatedly stressed the need for global leadership to help ensure that the battle to achieve the MDGs, which aim to halve extreme poverty and other ills, by their target date of 2015 is not forgotten by countries as they seek to shore up their economic and financial systems.

“Now more than ever we must be bold. In these times of crisis, when we are tempted to look inward, it is precisely the time when we must move pursuit of the common good to the top of the agenda,” Mr. Ban said in a speech delivered yesterday at Harvard.

He later added: “While recently we have heard much in this country about how problems on Wall Street are affecting innocent people on Main Street, we need to think more about those people around the world with no streets. Wall Street, Main Street, no street – the solutions devised must be for all.”

In addition, the world cannot afford to delay action on the issue of climate change, which Mr. Ban called “the ultimate global and existential threat.” He urged countries to conclude a new comprehensive climate deal that can be ratified and in place before the current commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol ends in 2012.

***

A spokesperson for Mr. Ban also announced today that the Secretary-General has been invited by United States President George W. Bush to attend a financial meeting of the leaders of G-8 industrialized nations, scheduled for 15 November in Washington.

{Lots Of Wind in High Places - But The Good Side Is That This Meeting Hapens After November 5th and we expect it will touch upon the neeede changes at The World Bank and The International Monetary Fund so they work for the benefit of all countries. }

————————————–

RECORD-BREAKING 117 MILLION PEOPLE STAND WITH UN AGAINST POVERTY

Shattering previous records, nearly 117 million people in 131 countries stood up last weekend as part of a United Nations-led campaign to demand that world leaders keep their promises to halve extreme poverty and achieve the other Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by their target date of 2015.

Over 8,000 events were held around the globe, from Afghanistan and Burundi to Thailand and Uganda, as part of the “Stand Up and Take Action against Poverty” campaign held from 17 to 19 October.

“We are very proud that there has been such a massive citizen response for the Millennium Development Goals and against poverty,” Salil Shetty, Director of the UN Millennium Campaign, which initiated the project, told reporters in New York today.

Nearly 117 million people – close to 2 per cent of the world’s population – took part in Stand Up-related events, breaking the Guinness World Record for the largest social mobilization ever on a single issue. Another 5 million people took part in events that were not submitted before the Guinness deadline.

This represents a huge increase over 2006, when some 23 million people stood up against poverty, and 2007, when that number grew to almost 44 million.

Mr. Shetty said the biggest mobilizations happened in Asia (over 73 million people), followed by Africa (more than 24 million) and the Arab States (nearly 18 million).

“It’s very appropriate that the parts of the world which are having to live with the daily reality of poverty are the ones who did the biggest mobilization,” he noted.

Highlights of the campaign include the more than 35 million people, or one-third of the population, in the Philippines who stood at various events throughout the country. In addition, Rwandan President Paul Kagame exhorted 10,000 of his fellow citizens to use their hard-won peace as a foundation to fight poverty, during an event at Rubavu Stadium in Western Province.

Meanwhile, 400,000 students in the West Bank and 200,000 in Gaza stood up as part of an annual programme to teach them about the MDGs.

Mr. Shetty added that with the countdown to 2015 well under way, many of the events held around the world were a “wake-up call and a reminder to governments that time is running out and we expect leaders to take action.”

In a message issued for the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty on 17 October, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon reminded governments of their commitments to achieving the MDGs, saying that many had pledged new resources to bolster food security, eradicate disease, ensure access to water and sanitation, and manage the financial crisis.

“These commitments are not a matter of charity, but an obligation in the pursuit of human rights for all. If we fail to keep our promise on the MDGs, we create the conditions for greater human misery and global insecurity,” he warned.

——————

UN TO PUBLISH FIRST-EVER WORLD MAP OF UNDERGROUND FRESHWATER RESOURCES

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) will publish the first-ever world map of underground aquifers, which account for some 96 per cent of global freshwater resources, the agency announced in a press release today.

Despite their strategic importance, no global inventory of aquifers – most of which straddle international boundaries – had been compiled before UNESCO started work on its online map, which will be launched to coincide with the submission to the General Assembly of a draft Convention on Transboundary Aquifers next week.

The UNESCO is presenting a detailed map identifying underground water resources that are shared by at least two countries, using data compiled since 2000 by UNESCO’s International Hydrological Programme for a groundwater database.

The map will include information about the quality of water and rate of replenishment of the 273 transboundary aquifers – 68 in the American continent, 38 in Africa, 65 in Eastern Europe, 90 in Western Europe and 12 in Asia.

Underground aquifers account for 70 per cent of water used in the European Union, and are often the only source of supply in arid and semi-arid areas – 100 per cent in Saudi Arabia and Malta, 95 per cent in Tunisia and 75 per cent in Morocco. Irrigation systems also depend largely on groundwater resources in many countries – 90 per cent in Libya, 89 per cent in India, 84 per cent in South Africa and 80 per cent in Spain.

Aquifers, which contain 100 times the volume of freshwater than that on the Earth’s surface, in Africa are still largely under exploited. They are among the largest in the world and since they generally expand over several national boundaries, their exploitation presupposes an agreed management mechanism.

Mechanisms of this kind have begun to emerge, such as the agreement in the 1990s between Chad, Egypt, Libya and Sudan which established a joint authority to manage the Nubian aquifer system, but such arrangements are the exception, according to the UNESCO release.

The draft Convention presented to the General Assembly on 27 October is intended to facilitate the creation of such mechanisms for administering transboundary aquifer systems by calling on aquifer states not to harm existing aquifers, to cooperate, and to prevent and control their pollution.

* * * —————-

###

Posted on Sustainabilitank.info on October 20th, 2008
by Pincas Jawetz (PJ@SustainabiliTank.com)

US Foreign Policy Towards a Rising Asia - A Conversation with Senator Chuck Hagel

emailimageasp.jpg

Friday, October 24, 2008
12pm - 2pm Lunch and Program

Senator Hagel is completing his second term in the United States Senate and is a senior member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. At a time of unprecedented global financial uncertainty and imminent political change in the United States, Senator Hagel will discuss how America can best face its challenges and capitalize on its opportunities in the rising Asia-Pacific region.  Senator Hagel is the author of America: Our Next Chapter, which outlines proposals for the country’s greatest challenges of the 21st century.

Presiding
Joseph Klein

Political Columnist, Time Magazine

Copies of America: Our Next Chapter will be available for purchase and signing.  This book is also available for purchase at the Asia Society bookstore.

Asia Society, 725 Park Avenue at 70th St., NYC
Tickets: $50 Members; $75 Nonmembers

###

Posted on Sustainabilitank.info on October 18th, 2008
by Pincas Jawetz (PJ@SustainabiliTank.com)

Sunday, Oct. 19, 2008, The Japan Times nline.

Moving from Christian to Muslim democracy.

By JAN-WERNER MUELLER
BUDAPEST — This past summer, Turkey’s ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) narrowly escaped being banned by the country’s constitutional court. State prosecutors alleged that the party was trying to “Islamicize” the country and ultimately introduce theocracy. After the decision, not only did AKP supporters celebrate but those in the West who view as a prototype “Muslim Democratic” party also breathed a sigh of relief.

The clear model for a moderately religious party — one committed to the rules of the democratic game — are the Christian Democratic parties of Western Europe and, to a lesser extent, Latin America. Yet opponents of the idea of “Muslim democracy” argue that European Catholics only turned to democracy under orders from the Vatican, and that since Muslims do not have anything like a Church hierarchy, Christian democracy is an irrelevant example.


But history shows that political entrepreneurs and liberalizing Catholic intellectuals were crucial to the creation of Christian democracy. This suggests that Muslim reformers, given the right circumstances, might be similarly capable of bringing about Muslim democracy.

***

Christian Democratic parties first emerged in Belgium and Germany toward the end of the 19th century as narrowly focused Catholic interest groups. The Vatican initially regarded them with suspicion, perceiving their participation in elections and parliamentary horse-trading as signs of “modernism.”

A breakthrough came with the Italian Popular Party’s founding in 1919. Its leader, Don Luigi Sturzo, wanted it to appeal to tutti i liberi e forti — all free and strong men. The Vatican, having prohibited Italian Catholics from participating in the political life of newly united Italy for almost 60 years, lifted its ban. Mussolini soon outlawed the Popolari, and in any event, the Vatican had had a strained relationship with the party, appearing more comfortable supporting pro-Catholic authoritarian regimes in countries like Austria and Portugal.

While Christian democracy got nowhere politically between the world wars, momentous changes were initiated in Catholic thought. In particular, the French Catholic thinker Jacques Maritain developed arguments as to why Christians should embrace democracy and human rights.

During the 1920s, Maritain was close to the far-right Action Francaise, but the pope condemned the movement in 1926 for essentially being a group of faithless Catholics more interested in authoritarian nationalism than Christianity. Maritain accepted the pope’s verdict and began a remarkable ideological journey toward democracy.

He criticized France’s attempts to appear as a modern crusader, incurring the wrath of Catholics in the United States in particular. More importantly, he began to recast some of Aristotle’s teachings and medieval natural law doctrines to arrive at a conception of human rights. He also drew on the philosophy of “personalism” — which was highly fashionable in the 1930s as it sought a middle way between individualist liberalism and communitarian socialism — and insisted that people had a spiritual dimension that materialistic liberalism supposedly failed to acknowledge.

After the fall of France, Maritain decided to remain in the U.S., where he happened to find himself after a lecture tour (the Gestapo searched his house outside Paris in vain). He authored pamphlets on the reconciliation of Christianity and democracy, which Allied bombers dropped over Europe, and he never tired of stressing that the Christian origins of America’s flourishing democracy had influenced him.

Maritain also insisted that Christians, while they should take into account religious precepts, had to act as citizens first. Acceptance of pluralism and tolerance were central to his vision and he forbade one-to-one translation of religion into political life. He was rather skeptical of exclusively Christian parties.

Maritain participated in the drafting of the U.N. Declaration of Human Rights, and the Second Vatican Council eventually approved many of the ideas that he had been propounding since the 1930s. He also influenced the Christian Democratic parties that governed after 1945 in Germany, Italy, the Benelux countries and, to a lesser extent, France, and which consolidated not only democracy but also built strong welfare states in line with Catholic social doctrine. By the 1970s, the parties even began to stress that one didn’t have to be a believer to join.

Maritain’s example disproves the claim that the analogy between Christian and Muslim democracy fails. It wasn’t the Vatican that took the lead in creating Christian democracy; it was innovative philosophers like Maritain (who never served in the Church hierarchy, though he was briefly French ambassador to the Vatican) and political entrepreneurs like Sturzo (a simple Sicilian priest).

Of course, Muslim democracy will not be brought about by intellectuals alone. After all, Christian democracy’s success is also explained by its strongly anti-communist stance during the Cold War.

Some of the philosophies used in the European Catholic transition to democracy — such as personalism — were rather nebulous, although it was probably their vagueness that helped to bring as many believers as possible on board. But the point remains that ideas matter. So the creation of a liberalized Islam by self-consciously moderate and democratic Muslim intellectuals is crucial.

Jan-Werner Mueller, a professor of politics at Princeton and currently an Open Society fellow at Central European University, Budapest, is the author of “Constitutional Patriotism.”

###

Posted on Sustainabilitank.info on October 15th, 2008
by Pincas Jawetz (PJ@SustainabiliTank.com)

 logo-560.png
This fall, The New York Review of Books and Guardian America will bring their writers and editors together to discuss the issues shaping the 2008 election campaign and the challenges and opportunities that will face the new administration.

Please click on the links below for more information about these events.

obama_barack.png

October 15, 7 pm

Harvard Bookstore at Brattle Theatre, Cambridge, MA

Panelists: Mark Danner, Frances FitzGerald, Peter Galbraith, and Michael Tomasky. Event includes a live broadcast of the presidential debate and pizza provided by Cambridge 1.

October 16, 7 pm

Politics & Prose, Washington, DC

Panelists: Elizabeth Drew, Jonathan Freedland, Peter Galbraith, Suzanne Goldenberg, and Michael Tomasky.

October 25, 5 pm

Harbourfront International Festival of Authors, Toronto

Panelists: Richard Adams and Michael Tomasky.

October 27, 6 pm

Commonwealth Club, San Francisco, CA

Panelists: Martin Kettle, Thomas Powers, Frank Rich, Michael Tomasky, and Robert Silvers.

October 28, 7:30 pm

Kepler’s, Menlo Park, CA

Panelists: Martin Kettle, Thomas Powers, Michael Tomasky, and Gary Younge.

October 29, 7:30 pm

Powell’s City of Books, Portland, OR

Panelists: Thomas Powers, Michael Tomasky, and Gary Younge.

October 30, 7:30 pm

Elliott Bay Book Company at Town Hall, Seattle, WA

Panelists: Martin Kettle, Thomas Powers, Jonathan Raban, and Michael Tomasky
mccain_john.png

November 10, 7 pm

What Happens Now? A Conversation on the 2008 Election
The New York Public Library, New York, NY
Andrew Delbanco, Joan Didion, Darryl Pinckney, Michael Tomasky, and Garry Wills gather to discuss the post-election landscape with Robert Silvers, editor of The New York Review of